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Origin
     Dr. James Naismith invented basketball in 1891 in Springfield, Mass., where he worked at the YMCA Training School.
     Naismith was faced with the problem of finding a sport that was suitable for play inside during the Massachusetts winter. He wanted to create a game of skill that could be played in a relatively small space. The first game was played with a soccer ball and peach basket goals.
     The actual basketball did not come into existence until 1894. In 1906 open baskets were introduced. In 1909, glass backboards were introduced.
     Today basketball is the most popular team sport. In 1999 there were 39.4 million participants, more than half are ages 6 to 17. In 1999, 12.7 million females and 26.7 males played basketball.
Naismith
NAISMITH
Basketball Positions
Center: One per team; scores from in close, blocks shots and rebounds
Forward: Two per team; rebounds, aids center and shoots
Guard: Two per team; primary ball handlers

Evolution of the NBA
  • 1946: The Basketball Association of America comprises 11 teams: Boston Celtics, Chicago Stags, Cleveland Rebels, Detroit Falcons, New York Knickerbockers, Philadelphia Warriors, Pittsburgh Ironmen, Providence Steamrollers, St Louis Bombers, Toronto Huskies and Washington Capitols
  • 1947: Baltimore Bullets join the BAA; Rebels, Falcons, Ironmen and Huskies drop out
  • 1948: Four teams from the National Basketball League are added to the BAA: Ft. Wayne Pistons, Indianapolis Jets, Minneapolis Lakers and Rochester Royals
  • 1949: The NBL's Anderson (Ind.) Packers, Denver Nuggets, Indianapolis Olympians, Sheboygan (Wis.) Redskins, Syracuse Nationals, Tri-Cities Blackhawks and Waterloo (Iowa) Hawks join along with the Olympians; the BAA becomes the NBA; Steamrollers and Jets fold
  • 1950: Packers, Stags, Nuggets, Redskins, Bombers and Hawks fold
  • 1951: Tri-Cities Blackhawks move to Milwaukee and become the Hawks. Capitols disband
  • 1953: Olympians drop out
  • 1954: Bullets drop out
  • 1955: Hawks move to St. Louis
  • 1957: Pistons move to Detroit; Royals to Cincinnati
  • 1960: Lakers move to L.A.
  • 1961: Chicago Packers join
  • 1962: Packers renamed Zephyrs; Warriors move to San Francisco
  • 1963: Zephyrs move to Baltimore, become Bullets; Nationals to Philadelphia, become 76ers
  • 1966: Chicago Bulls join league
  • 1967: San Diego Rockets and Seattle SuperSonics join league
  • 1968: Milwaukee Bucks, Phoenix Suns join league; Hawks go to Atlanta
  • 1970: Buffalo Braves, Cleveland Cavaliers and Portland Trail Blazers join
  • 1971:San Diego Rockets move to Houston; San Francisco Warriors move to Oakland and become Golden State Warriors
  • 1972: Royals move to Midwest, become Kings
  • 1973: Bullets move to Landover, Md.
  • 1974: New Orleans Jazz join; Bullets renamed Washington Bullets.
  • 1975: K.C.-Omaha Kings settle in Kansas City
  • 1976: Four teams from the ABA merge with the NBA: Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers, New York Nets and San Antonio Spurs
  • 1977: Nets move to New Jersey
  • 1978: Braves move to San Diego, become Clippers
  • 1979: Jazz move to Salt Lake City, Utah
  • 1980: Dallas Mavericks join
  • 1984: Clippers go to L.A. 1985: Kings move to Sacramento
  • 1988: Charlotte Hornets and Miami Heat join
  • 1989: Minnesota Timberwolves, Orlando Magic join
  • 1995: Toronto Raptors, Vancouver Grizzlies join
  • 1997: Bullets become Wizards

  • The Dunk
    Jordan
    Jordan
    Erving
    The dunk was made famous in the '70s by Julius "Dr. J" Erving when he played in the ABA. Erving brought the dunk to the NBA in 1976 after the leagues merged. On Dec. 21, 1984, West Virginia University's Georgeann Wells became the first woman to dunk.


    The basics
    Russell, Chamberlain

    Basketball is played between two teams of five players. Players move the ball by passing or dribbling while running.

    The standard court is 94 feet long and 50 feet wide with a backboard at the center of each end of the court.

    A basket, a circular metal hoop with a net attached and a rim that is 18 inches in diameter, is 10 feet from the floor and attached to each backboard.

    The object of the game is to score the most points. Two points are awarded for each field goal, or basket, shot from the field. Three points are awarded for field goals made beyond a specified distance from the basket. One point is scored for each free throw.

    Free throws are taken from a line 15 feet from the backboard. The court has lines from the foul line to the court's base line. Players cannot enter the lane between the lines until the shooter has released the foul shot. During regular play, offensive players may remain in the lane for only three consecutive seconds.

    Bird

    Time limits for games vary - 20-minute halves in college, 12-minute quarters in the NBA. The team with possession of the ball must shoot within a certain time period: 24 secconds in professional games; 45 seconds in college. A player must leave the game after accumulating five fouls (high school, college) or six fouls (professional). If regulation ends in a tie, overtime periods of five minutes each are played until one team wins.

    A regulation men's basketball is 9.5 inches in diameter and weighs 20-22 ounces.


    Original rules

    Abdul-Jabbar

    1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.

    2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist.

    3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed.

    4. The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must not be used.

    5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.

    6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5.

    7. If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).

    8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal. Johnson

    9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed 5 seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, a foul shall be called.

    10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.

    11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.

    12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes' rest between.

    13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners.


    Research by DIANE FUHRER, design by JEF DAUBER / Courier-Post
    Women's Basketball
  • 1892: Senda Berenson adapts the rules for women and introduces the game at Smith College
  • 1892: First inter-institutional contest between the University of California and Miss Head's School (Berkeley, Calif.)
  • 1896: First intercollegiate game played between Stanford and University of California at Berkeley
  • 1899: Formation of first Women's Basket Ball Rules Committee
  • 1903: Halves shortened from 20 to 15 minutes
  • 1905: Six to nine players on a team, 11 officials
  • 1906: Five to nine players on a side
  • 1908: Placing one hand on a ball held by an opponent is a foul; double teaming a shooter is a foul
  • 1910: Dribbling outlawed
  • 1913: Single dribble returns, but ball must bounce knee high
  • 1916: No coaching is allowed from the sidelines during game; no timeouts, no substitutions
  • 1918: Bounce pass legalized
  • 1922: There must be at least six players on a side, maximum of nine
  • 1925: Goals scored by one-hand overhand throw, two-hand underhand throw, shot-put throw, and throw with back to the basket count as one point
  • 1926: Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) sponsors first-ever national women's basketball championship, using men's rules
  • 1929: First AAU All-America team selected
  • 1932: All field goals count as two points
  • 1932: Guarding on all planes permitted
  • 1938: Three-court game changed to two-court game with six players per team (three guards and three forwards)
  • 1953: "Overtime" period established Ð following one overtime, games are decided by "sudden death"
  • 1953: USA wins gold in first World Championships
  • 1962: Each team is permitted two players to roam the court
  • 1962: Player allowed to "snatch" the ball from another player
  • 1966: Continuous unlimited dribble becomes official rule
  • 1971: Five-player, full-court game and 30-second clock become official
  • 1976: Women's basketball makes its Olympic debut
  • 1978: Formation of eight-team Women's Professional Basketball League
  • 1982: First NCAA National Championship held
  • 1986: Nancy Lieberman becomes the first woman to play in a men's professional basketball league when she joins the USBL's Springfield Fame
  • 1987: Three-point field goals introduced to collegiate basketball
  • 1996: American Basketball League tips off first season
  • 1997: First WNBA season
  • 1999: Grand opening and induction of the Inaugural Class of the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame
  • 2001: Jackie Stiles establishes a new NCAA Division I scoring mark


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